Since 2012, we have been testing and revising a design method that allows us to work with as much information as possible regarding the conditions of a space. This method is supported by three primary habits in our graphic representation: First, instead of drawing only conventional âarchitecturalâ elements and leaving everything else out, we flatten this hierarchy, drawing as many objects as we can, from the walls to the usersâ belongings. Second, we use a color code to differentiate the multiple classes of objects documented (existing, proposed, and suggested objects as well as inhabitants and their belongings). Third, we do not produce any material specifically for marketing or exhibition purposes: each one of our drawings is simply the latest iteration of a continuously updated document. This approach allows us to better facilitate communication between everyone involved in a project, to document each stage of the design process, to compare between case studies in our practice, and to set our work free for future re-appropriations.
A Manifesto on the Appropriation of Space: a Methodology for Making Architecture
Buildings1 are not empty containers awaiting their inhabitants. They are themselves composed of a large, ever-changing array of objects. To maximize opportunities for appropriation, the class of objects traditionally dealt with by architects expands to encompass all possible objects (existing, belongings, proposed, and suggested) such as a wall, a chair, a sink, etc. that might occupy a particular area at a particular moment in a project. Prioritizing care for only certain objects âsuch as walls, floors, ceilings, etc.â2 would limit the forces of appropriation.
Awaken the architectâs attention to all possible objects.
Envision the fullest set of objects that could become of importance in a building, arrayed together without predetermined hierarchy.3
Awaken the inhabitantsâ attention to all possible objects.
Consider a chair,4 for example, as not unlike a wall: both objects can determine, suggest or facilitate activities in the course of appropriation.
All can be equally important within space and time.
Make a survey of the existing objects and an inventory of belongings.5
Deciding how a chair looks and where it will be placed is as crucial as deciding how a wall looks and where it will be placed. Try to take everything into account6 without necessarily designing it all. Approximate future relationships7 between objects and people8.
Test on an undetermined number of schemes âthe more, the betterâ different relations between objects: existing and belongings (from the survey), as well as proposed and suggested.
Arrange tools9 âproposed objectsâ, almost without authorship (like ceramic figurines before they are painted), to determine, suggest or facilitate social interactions for the compounding and layering of appropriations.10
Use the the following color code for the schemes:Â
Black (#000000): annotations
Dark blue (#2E3191): objects (existing)
Dark red (#BE1E2D): objects (belongings)
Light blue (#1B75BB): objects (proposed)
Light red (#F05A28): objects (suggested)
A presentation image should simply be the most recent drawing.
Make drawings that are easily updated to reflect ongoing appropriations. As soon as the relations between objects are more or less approximated, update drawings from the red and blue color code to reflect the true colors and textures of each object.
The appropriation is not the future of a project. The project is part of the appropriation process.11
Start inhabiting the drawings!
Take and gather from other sources as many photographs and videos of all stages of the appropriation process as possible. Organize the information (drawings, photos and videos), unfiltered, in a public archive.
We use the word âbuildingâ to refer to any subset of built space, from the shelter beneath a beach umbrella to the hollows of a coal mine. [Regresar]
Hidden Brain, Episode 42: Decide Already! âEvery future event comprises thousands and thousands of details, but when you ask people to imagine a future event, they usually imagine one or two of those details, the ones that are central that define the episode. So if I say to you: imagine the next visit to the dentist, probably youâll get a picture in your head instantly of sitting in a chair and someoneâs fooling around in your mouth. Well that is indeed a part of the experience youâll have. But youâll also have to park, youâre also going to be on the waiting room, theyâre going to be playing music, there will be magazines, the receptionist will be nice or not, afterwards you will or wonât have an appointment youâll need to rush to⌠thereâs lots of other parts of that experience that youâre not imagining and all of them can affect your happiness.
You canât imagine every detail, thatâs not possible. But what you ought to do rationally is think to yourself: Iâm only imagining one or two of the many pieces of the experience and, as a result, I should be very humble about my prediction; but nobody is. Instead they say: a dental visit? Iâll hate it! [âŚ] One problem is that we donât imagine events correctly, we donât imagine them as they will unfold, thatâs the smaller of the two problems. The larger problem is that we donât know who we will be when we are experiencing that event. We underestimate the mindâs ability to react to events in a different way than its reacting to them in prospect. Things look different at the windshield than in the rear view mirror. Life is like that too, almost every event you experience feels different once youâve experience it, than you imagined you would have beforehand. Thatâs the part of our psychology we donât seem very good at anticipating.
Vedantam, Shankar, Tara Boyle, Maggie Penman, Chris Benderev, and Jennifer Schmidt. 2016. âDecide Already!â Hidden Brain. 2016. https://www.npr.org/2016/08/23/490972873/you-vs-future-you-or-why-were-bad-at-predicting-our-own-happiness [Regresar]
âThe chair itself pretends to be invisible, beside the point, a non-sequitor [sic]. But âbut but butâ if we take the chair away, leaving Ms. Stone standing, the cops will feel perfectly justified asking her, âWhat are you doing behind that desk?â She will appear to be an interloper.
We should return for a moment, however, to the original scene with no underclothes: I present to you the thesis that Stoneâs short skirt is dictated by and for the chair. Imagine that the scene takes place somewhere in Japan where there are no chairs and poor Sharon has to demurely kneel on a small cushion or mat. Even though she is kneeling she is less vulnerable-seeming as a potential victim. Easy to chop her head, of course, but remember that itâs torture weâre after here, not death. We only want to ask her a few questions.
But what is more important is that in this Japanese movie her skirt is completely useless to her. It can be shorter or longer, no matter â she canât cross her legs. I mean, our line of sight is not brought from Stoneâs knees to her crotch. (I looked for a prettier word but didnât find one. Maybe I should buy a thesaurus also.) It is only the chair that centers us in such a weird way. If we imagine that Sharon Stone is a pygmy somewhere in the South African veld we could also see the phenomenon more clearly. In that scene she might squat to perhaps stand on one leg, but the pygmy Michael Douglas and the other cops could not even have brought her into a room and closed the door, much les forced her into the chair (The veld is spacious but without rooms.)â
Durham, Jimmie. 1998. Between the Furniture and the Building (Between a Rock and a Hard Place). Kunstverein MuĚnchen. [Regresar]
âKonâs implicit idea was that the âdesignedâ space says little about those who live there; itâs objects â slippers, trash, utensils, chipped bowls, tools are strewn across these sketches â instead, that are more telling of peopleâs economic and cultural life.â
Sharma, Komal. 2014. âKon Wajiro, Documenting Life in the Aftermath of Disaster.â Metropolis Magazine. 2014. https://www.metropolismag.com/design/kon-wajiro-documenting-life-after-disaster/. [Regresar]
âIt is not about giving multiple meanings to words but about making them work, saturating them until their common sense is diluted.â (Authorâs translation.)
Alcantud, Victoriano. 2005. âEl Bajo Materialismo.â FilosofĂa, PolĂtica Y EconomĂa En El Laberinto, no. 19: 74â84. [Regresar]
From El cuento policial, a conference by Jorge Luis Borges at Universidad argentina de Belgrano in 1978: âI would add a personal observation: literary genres will depend, maybe, less in texts themselves than in the way they are read. The aesthetic act requires the conjunction of reader and text, and only then does it exist.â (Authorâs translation.)
Borges, Jorge Luis. 2009. âBorges Oral.â In Obras Completas Volumen IV (1975-1988), 229â40. EmeceĚ. [Regresar]
âA tool is supposed to serve anybody and everybody equally.â
Rancière, Jacques. 2012. âA Politics of Aesthetic Indetermination: An Interview with Frank Ruda and Jan Voekler.â Everything Is in Everything, 10â33. [Regresar]
âBuilding is not just a means and a way to dwelling – building is in itself already dwelling.â
Heidegger, Martin. 1971. âBuilding Dwelling Thinking.â Poetry, Language, Thought 154. [Regresar]
We believe that the more things that happen (not necessarily at the same time), the more complex and interesting the shape of a building. âMost pleasing, or most useful, might always be the âother stuffâ. Suppose you build yourself a nice simple house and you like the way it looks. To me, as a stranger passing by it looks like nothing much but your house. If I come back later, though, maybe banal life and random crazy-ness will have changed it. Maybe you later build a wood shed. Maybe a tree grows. Maybe your neighbor makes a garbage dump close by, and he also constructs a wood shed. Your car breaks down and you just leave it in back, where it begins to rust. What started as a path made by taking a short cut to the tavern becomes a road and the guy across the road builds a strange fence and someone else uses the fence to post some advertisement signs. It begins to look interesting to me. The uncontrolled complexity has much meaning, much beauty. No single dead-end narrative.â
Durham, Jimmie. 1998. Between the Furniture and the Building (Between a Rock and a Hard Place). Kunstverein MuĚnchen. [Regresar]